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Vitamin
and Nutritional Resources
We
will list other useful resources on vitamins and nutritional supplements
as they are available here.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients for
the human body. A lack of vitamin or mineral can upset the body's
normal nutritional balance or block one or more metabolic processes
needed for the essential function of the human body. Ideally, all
the vitamins and minerals needed by the human body should be obtained
from the diet, however, with today's busy lifestyle and fast food
diets, many people are not getting enough of these important nutrients.
There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble vitamins (B and
C) and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). The water-soluble
vitamins are absorbed by the intestine and carried by the circulatory
system to the specific tissues where they will be put into use.
The B vitamins act as coenzymes, compounds that unite with a protein
component called an apoenzyme to form an active enzyme. The enzyme
then acts as a catalyst in the chemical reactions that transfer
energy from the basic food elements to the body. It is not known
whether vitamin C acts as a coenzyme. PABA, inositol and choline
are also water soluble and are therefore classed as “water-soluble”
vitamins, althougt their classification as vitamins is sometimes
questioned. When a person takes in more water-soluble vitamins than
are needed, small amounts are stored in body tissue, but most of
the excess is excreted in urine. Water soluble vitamins can not
be stored in the body to the same extent as that of fat soluble
vitamins, and because of this, deficiencies are more likely to manifest
themselves than those of the fat-soluble class, and a daily supply
is essential to prevent depletion.
Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed by the body from the intestinal
tract and follow the same path of absorption as fat and any condition
interfering with the absorption of fats would result in poor absorption
of these vitamins as well. Fat-soluble vitamins are involved in
maintaining the structure of cell membranes. It is also believed
that fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for the synthesis of certain
enzymes. The body can store larger amounts of fat-soluble vitamins
than of water-soluble vitamins. This class of nutrient can be stored
in the body to some extend, mostly in the liver for vitamins A and
D and body fat for vitamin E. Relatively little vitamin K is stored.
Because fat soluble vitamins are stored to some extent in the body,
short term deficiencies are less likely to manifest themselves slower
than those of the water-soluble class. In fact, excessive intake
of fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamins A and D, can lead
to toxic levels in the body.
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Glucosamine and
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